scuba diving
wetsuit Buying Guide
What is a Diving Wetsuit and How does it Work?
A diving wetsuit is an insulating body suit made primarily from neoprene, a type of synthetic rubber that is flexible, waterproof, and has excellent insulation properties. It works by trapping a thin layer of water between your skin and the suit. Your body heat warms this water, providing insulation against the colder water outside.
What Makes a Wetsuit Suitable for Scuba Diving?
Not all wetsuits are made equal. Those designed for scuba diving are typically more robust, with reinforced areas to resist wear and tear from equipment like the tank and diving BCD. They may also have features like integrated hoods, wrist and ankle seals, and internal thermal linings for extra warmth.
Materials and Construction
Most wetsuits are made from neoprene of various thicknesses. Some wetsuits use a mix of different thicknesses in different areas, providing flexibility where it's needed and warmth where it's required. Others have additional materials such as titanium or thermal linings for extra insulation.
Types & Styles of Wetsuits For Diving
When it comes to diving wetsuits, there are several different types and styles to choose from. Each type is designed to cater to specific diving conditions and preferences, and it's important to understand the different types and styles available to make an informed decision about which one will best suit your needs.
Full Suits
A fullsuit wetsuit is a type of diving wetsuit that is designed to cover the entire body, including the torso, legs, and arms. This wetsuit model is one of the most popular among divers and is generally used in colder water environments where insulation and protection are critical.
This type of wetsuit comes in various thicknesses, ranging from 3/2mm to 8mm, and is made from neoprene, a synthetic rubber material that is highly flexible and durable. The fullsuit wetsuit is a versatile option that can be used in a range of diving conditions, making it a popular choice among both recreational and professional divers.
Shorties
A shorty wetsuit, also known as a shortie, is a type of diving wetsuit that covers the torso and upper legs but leaves the arms and lower legs exposed. This type of wetsuit is shorter in length than a fullsuit, typically ending mid-thigh and mid-bicep. Shorty wetsuits are popular among divers who are diving in warmer water temperatures or for activities such as snorkelling or swimming.
The thinner neoprene material used in shorty wetsuits provides less insolation than a fullsuit, but it allows for greater mobility and flexibility. Shorty wetsuits come in various thicknesses, typically ranging from 2mm to 3mm. They are easy to put on and take off, making them a convenient option for those who prefer a hassle-free diving experience.
Long Johns
Long johns are a type of diving wetsuit that is designed to cover the legs and torso while leaving the arms exposed. This type of wetsuit is similar to a farmer john wetsuit, which has a sleeveless top, and is typically worn as an underlayer beneath a wetsuit for added insulation. Long johns are made from neoprene material, which is durable and flexible, providing a snug and comfortable fit. They are commonly used in cooler water temperatures and can be worn alone or paired with a wetsuit top for added warmth.
The thickness of long johns ranges from 2mm to 5mm, with thicker options offering more insulation and are also popular among divers who prefer a streamlined and minimalistic look, as they provide ample warmth without the added bulk of a fullsuit.
Choosing the Right Wetsuit for Scuba Diving
Fit and Size
Fit is crucial when it comes to wetsuits. A well-fitted wetsuit will trap a thin layer of water between your body and the suit, keeping you warm. A suit that's too big will let cold water circulate, while a suit that's too small will be uncomfortable and restrictive. Measure yourself carefully and refer to manufacturers' size charts when ordering.
Durability and Flexibility
A good scuba diving wetsuit balances durability with flexibility. High-wear areas like the knees and shoulders should be reinforced. At the same time, the suit should offer enough flexibility to allow free movement while swimming and manoeuvring underwater.
Wetsuit Thickness
Wetsuit thickness is usually measured in millimetres and refers to the thickness of the neoprene. Thicker suits offer more insulation. As a rule of thumb, for water temperatures of 21°C and above, a 2mm to 3mm suit should suffice. For temperatures between 16°C and 20°C, a 3mm to 5mm suit is recommended. For temperatures below that, you may need a 5mm to 7mm suit, or even a semi-dry suit.
Wetsuits for Different Climates
Whether you are planning to scuba dive in tropical waters or icy currents, there is a wetsuit designed to meet the unique challenges of each climate. Understanding the nuances of each will help you choose the best wetsuit for your diving adventures.
Diving Wetsuits for Warm Climates
Scuba diving in warm climates typically involves water temperatures above 24°C. In such warm water, the primary function of a wetsuit is to protect against cuts, stings, and sunburn, rather than to provide thermal insulation.
Shorties are the perfect choice for these warmer conditions. They cover the torso and extend to the mid-thigh and upper arms, offering a balance between protection and freedom of movement. A shorty is generally constructed from 2mm to 3mm neoprene. These suits are lighter, easier to get in and out of, and provide ample flexibility while moving underwater.
Diving Wetsuits for Winter or Cold Climates
Scuba diving in winter or colder climates means dealing with water temperatures below 18°C, particularly if you are diving around the UK. The colder the water, the thicker the wetsuit you'll need to stay warm.
Full suits are typically used in these colder climates. They cover the entire body, including full coverage of the arms and legs. For water temperatures between 10°C and 18°C, a 5mm to 7mm wetsuit is generally sufficient.However, for water temperatures below 10°C (50°F), you might need to consider a scuba diving drysuit or a semi-drysuit. Semi-drysuits are similar to full wetsuits but have better seals at the wrists, ankles, and neck to minimise water exchange. They are usually made from 7mm to 8mm neoprene. Dry suits, on the other hand, are completely sealed and filled with insulating air or gas, making them the warmest option for extremely cold conditions.
It's important to remember that individual tolerance to cold can vary. When choosing a wetsuit, take into account your personal comfort level as well as the water temperature.
Do I Need A Lined Wetsuit?
Whether or not you need a lined wetsuit depends on the weather conditions you will be facing. Wetsuits are typically lined to provide extra insulation, making them suitable for colder water temperatures. If you plan on engaging in water activities in chilly or cold environments, a lined wetsuit can help maintain your body heat and keep you comfortable.
The lining material, often made of fleece or similar materials, adds an additional layer of insulation that traps heat close to your body. However, if you will be in warmer waters or participating in activities during hot weather, a lined wetsuit may not be necessary and can even cause discomfort due to increased warmth.
Features of Scuba Diving Wetsuits to Consider
Seals and Zippers
Quality seals and zippers can make a big difference in how warm your wetsuit keeps you. Look for suits with glideskin or smoothskin seals, which create a better seal against your skin. Similarly, a good quality, water-resistant zipper will prevent cold water from flushing into the suit.
Integrated Hoods and Knee Pads
These additional features can make your dives more comfortable and prolong the life of your wetsuit. Hoods provide extra warmth, especially in colder waters, by reducing heat loss from your head. Knee pads add durability to your suit, protecting it from wear and tear especially when you kneel or crawl.
Colour and Style
While the function should be the primary concern when choosing a wetsuit, style and colour can also play a role. Darker colours tend to fade less in the sun, and some divers believe they attract less attention from curious sea creatures. However, brightly coloured wetsuits can enhance visibility and safety, especially during buddy checks or in emergency situations.
Seams & Stitching
Wetsuit seams or stitching play a crucial role in the functionality of the wetsuit. There are various types of seams, including flatlock, glued and blind-stitched, and liquid-sealed seams. Each type of seam has its own benefits and differences.
Flatlock seams are the most common and the least expensive type of seam. They are suitable for wetsuits used in warm water conditions as they are not waterproof. Glued and blind-stitched seams are waterproof and offer better insulation than flatlock seams. They are suitable for wetsuits used in cold water conditions. Liquid-sealed seams are the most durable and waterproof, as they use a liquid rubber compound to seal the seams. This type of seam is commonly used in high-end wetsuits.
Entry Systems and Zips On Diving Wetsuits
The entry system and zips of a wetsuit determine not only how easy it is to get in and out of your suit, but also how well it fits and seals. Below are the three most common types of entry systems found in diving wetsuits:
Back-Zip Entry
This is the traditional style of wetsuit entry, where a zipper runs down the centre of the back. These suits are typically easier to get in and out of, and the zip is usually covered by a flap of neoprene to minimise water exchange and protect against abrasion. However, back-zip wetsuits might feel less flexible around the back and shoulders due to the stiff zipper.
Front-Zip Entry
In this type of wetsuit, the zipper is located down the front. This design generally offers better flexibility and a snugger fit compared to back-zip suits. The zipper position can also help to reduce water flushing through the suit. On the downside, front-zip wetsuits can be more challenging to put on and take off.
Additional Equipment to Wear With a Wetsuit
While the wetsuit is the main protective garment for your body during a dive, there are several other pieces of neoprene gear that can add warmth and protection. Here are a few key pieces to consider:
Diving Hoods
A wetsuit hood provides vital thermal protection for your head, an area of the body that loses heat quickly. This piece of gear is essential for cold water diving but can also be useful in moderate temperatures. Hoods vary in thickness, with 2mm to 3mm options for warmer climates and 5mm to 7mm options for cold conditions. Some are integrated into the wetsuit, while others are standalone pieces.
Diving Boots
Dive boots, also known as booties, protect your feet from cold, as well as from cuts and abrasions when walking on rocky or shell-covered surfaces. They come in various thicknesses and styles. Low-cut booties are usually used in warm water, while high-cut booties with thick soles are designed for colder conditions and tough terrain.
Diving Gloves
Just like hoods and boots, gloves add an extra layer of thermal protection and can also protect your hands from sharp objects or stinging marine life. Gloves come in varying thicknesses, from 1mm for warm water to 5mm or more for cold water. Some feature reinforced palms and fingers for durability and better grip.
Rash Guards
A rash guard is a thin, stretchy garment worn under a wetsuit to prevent chafing, sunburn, and stings from marine organisms. They can also add a little extra warmth. Rash guards are available in short-sleeve and long-sleeve options, and some even have a built-in hood.
Thermal Undersuits
For extremely cold water, you might consider a thermal undersuit. These are worn under your wetsuit or drysuit to add an extra layer of insulation. They come in a variety of styles and materials, from thin, synthetic fleece for mild conditions to thick, breathable fabrics for extreme cold.
Care and Maintenance For Your Diving Wetsuit
To keep your wetsuit in good shape, rinse it thoroughly with fresh water after each dive to remove salt, chlorine, and any other contaminants.
Avoid leaving it in direct sunlight for prolonged periods. Store it properly on a wide hanger to avoid creases and folds that can damage the neoprene. Regular checks for wear and tear, and prompt repairs, can greatly extend the lifespan of your wetsuit.
Diving Wetsuit FAQs
Q: Should I get A 3mm or 5mm wetsuit for diving?
A: The choice between a 3mm and 5mm wetsuit primarily depends on the water temperature you'll be diving in. For warmer climates (above 24°C), a 3mm wetsuit should suffice. For colder waters (between 10°C and 20°C), a 5mm wetsuit would be more appropriate.
Q: What thickness wetsuit do I need for diving in the UK?
A: Water temperatures in the UK can vary greatly depending on the season and location. Generally, during summer (15°C to 20°C), a 5mm to 7mm wetsuit is usually sufficient. In colder months or for deeper dives, you might need a semi-dry or even a dry suit.
Q: Can You Use A Diving Wetsuit For Surfing?
A: While it's possible, it's not ideal. Diving wetsuits are typically thicker and less flexible than surfing wetsuits, which might restrict movement when surfing. They also tend to have reinforced areas that can be uncomfortable when lying on a surfboard.
Q: Can I use a surfing wetsuit for scuba diving?
A: While a surfing wetsuit can be used for scuba diving in a pinch, it's not recommended. Surfing wetsuits lack the durability needed for scuba diving, where the gear and environment can be rough on the suit. They also might not provide sufficient thermal protection for colder, deeper dives.
Q: What Should I Wear Under A Diving Wetsuit?
A: Most divers wear a swimsuit under their wetsuit. For extra warmth, you might consider a rash guard or thermal undersuit. Make sure whatever you wear doesn't bunch up or restrict your movement in the wetsuit.
Q: How should a scuba diving wetsuit fit?
A: A scuba diving wetsuit should fit snugly but not so tight as to restrict movement or circulation. It should hug your body closely to minimise water flow and maintain warmth, but you should still be able to move freely and breathe comfortably.
Q: What is the difference between 5/3 and a 5/4 wetsuit?
A: These numbers refer to the thickness of the wetsuit in millimetres. In a 5/3 wetsuit, the body panel is 5mm thick for warmth, and the limb panels are 3mm thick for flexibility. A 5/4 wetsuit also has a 5mm body panel, but the limb panels are slightly thicker at 4mm, providing a bit more warmth than a 5/3.